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اقتصاد::
مالیات زیستمحیطی
Nevertheless, despite a few success stories, in particular in Nordic European countries, implementing consistent environmental tax reforms is often fraught with difficulties and obstacles.
Environmental taxes have a long-standing intellectual history, rooted in welfare economics (for instance Pigou 1920; Baumol and Oates 1988) as well as in institutional economics (Andersen 1994).
Although recurrent energy crises and the challenge of climate change have revived the issue, there is still a long way to go before environmental taxes will become widely used as an environmental policy instrument.
Defining Environmental Taxes
International organizations, in particular the OECD, have strongly promoted the use of environmental taxes.
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